Hatching chicks can be both an exciting and stressful experience, especially when some chicks struggle to break free from their shells. A partially hatched chick is one that has started the process but is unable to complete it, leading to potential death if left unaided.
Many poultry farmers, hatchery operators, and backyard chicken keepers have faced this issue. While intervention can sometimes save a chick’s life, it must be done correctly to avoid harming the chick further.
In this guide, we will discuss:
- Why chicks get stuck during hatching
- When and how to assist a struggling chick
- Essential tools and precautions for safe intervention
- Long-term solutions to prevent hatching failures
If you are dealing with partially hatched chicks, this guide will provide step-by-step instructions to maximize survival rates and ensure healthy chicks.
Why Do Chicks Get Stuck in the Shell?
Several factors contribute to a chick failing to hatch completely. These include humidity issues, temperature fluctuations, weak genetics, and improper positioning inside the egg.
1. Low Humidity (Shrink Wrapping)
One of the most common causes of a chick getting stuck in the shell is low humidity inside the incubator. When humidity drops too low during hatching, the egg’s membrane can dry out and shrink tightly around the chick. This condition, known as shrink-wrapping, prevents the chick from moving and completing the hatch.
Prevention:
- Maintain humidity at 60-65% during incubation and 70-75% during the last three days (lockdown period).
- Use a hygrometer to measure humidity accurately.
- Avoid frequent opening of the incubator, which can lead to moisture loss.
2. Weak Chicks Due to Poor Nutrition
Chicks that struggle to hatch may have been weak even before incubation started. Poor nutrition in the breeder hen affects the quality of the eggs and the strength of the embryo.
Prevention:
- Feed breeding hens a high-protein (16-18%) diet with essential vitamins.
- Provide calcium and vitamin D to strengthen eggshells.
- Add omega-3 fatty acids to support chick development.
3. Incorrect Temperature During Incubation
Temperature plays a crucial role in chick development. If the temperature is too low, the chick may develop weak muscles, making it difficult to break through the shell. If too high, dehydration can occur.
Prevention:
- Keep the temperature at 99.5°F (37.5°C) in forced-air incubators.
- Use a separate thermometer to verify temperature accuracy.
- Place incubators in a stable environment, away from direct sunlight or cold drafts.
4. Malpositioned Chicks
Chicks should be positioned with their heads near the air cell (at the large end of the egg). Sometimes, improper positioning can make hatching impossible.
Prevention:
- Candle eggs around Day 14-18 to check for malpositioning.
- Turn eggs 3-5 times per day during incubation to encourage proper development.
- If you notice a chick is malpositioned before hatching, you may need to assist.
When to Assist a Partially Hatched Chick
Helping a chick hatch should be a last resort. Intervening too soon can do more harm than good. Only assist if the chick has been stuck for more than 24 hours after making the external pip (small hole in the shell).
Signs That a Chick Needs Help:
✅ The chick has pipped but hasn’t progressed in 24+ hours.
✅ The membrane appears dry, white, or stuck to the chick.
✅ The chick is chirping but not moving.
✅ The chick is showing signs of distress.
How to Assist a Partially Hatched Chick
⚠️ Warning: Before starting, ensure you have clean hands and a sanitized environment to avoid infections.
Step 1: Prepare a Safe Hatching Area
- Ensure the incubator is set at 99-100°F with humidity at 75-80%.
- If possible, place a damp cloth inside the incubator to increase humidity.
Step 2: Assess the Chick’s Condition
- Look for active movement inside the shell.
- If the chick is struggling but still peeping, it may still have active blood vessels.
Step 3: Moisten the Membrane (If Needed)
- If the membrane looks dry and rubbery, use a warm saline solution (1 tsp salt + 1 cup warm water).
- Apply the saline with a cotton swab to soften the membrane.
Step 4: Slowly Remove Shell Pieces
- Using sterile tweezers, carefully remove tiny pieces of shell.
- DO NOT pull on the membrane if blood vessels are still visible.
- If bleeding occurs, stop immediately and wait a few more hours.
Step 5: Allow the Chick to Finish Hatching on Its Own
- After creating enough space for movement, let the chick push itself out.
- Forced removal can cause leg deformities or yolk sac rupture.
Step 6: Provide Post-Hatch Care
- Place the chick in a warm brooder (95°F or 35°C).
- Offer electrolyte water for hydration and energy.
- Keep the chick separate from others until it is strong.
Preventing Partial Hatch Failures
To avoid needing to assist chicks in the future, follow these best practices:
1. Maintain Consistent Incubator Conditions
- ✅ Temperature: 99.5°F (forced-air) or 100-101°F (still-air).
- ✅ Humidity: 60-65% during incubation, 70-75% during lockdown.
- ✅ Egg Turning: At least 3-5 times per day to promote proper development.
2. Improve Breeder Hen Nutrition
- ✅ Protein: 18% for muscle strength.
- ✅ Calcium: For strong eggshells.
- ✅ Vitamin A, D, and E: For embryo health.
3. Monitor Humidity & Temperature Daily
- Use a separate hygrometer and thermometer to ensure accurate readings.
- Avoid placing incubators near windows, heaters, or vents.
4. Handle Hatching Eggs Gently
- Wash hands before handling eggs.
- Store eggs properly (50-60°F, 70% humidity) before incubation.
FAQs About Helping Stuck Chicks
Q1: How long should I wait before helping a chick?
⏳ Wait 24 hours after external pipping before assisting.
Q2: Can I use coconut oil or Vaseline to help?
🥥 No! Use warm saline solution instead to avoid suffocation.
Q3: What if my chick is bleeding when I try to help?
🛑 Stop immediately and return the egg to the incubator.
Q4: What if my chick is too weak after hatching?
💧 Provide electrolyte water and warmth in a brooder.
Conclusion
Saving partially hatched chicks requires patience and careful technique. While intervention can be lifesaving, prevention is the best approach. By maintaining proper incubation conditions, ensuring adequate breeder nutrition, and handling eggs carefully, you can improve hatching success rates.
If you must assist, always do so with caution, and remember: a chick that hatches on its own has the best chance of survival. 🐣